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But in April 2022, the company announced that it would slow its production in light of lower foreseeable demand. A vaccine designed by the University of Oxford and produced by the British-Swedish company AstraZeneca emerged as a key element in the effort to meet the global demand for Covid-19 vaccines. With a growing number of vaccines authorized for use in Britain, such randomized clinical trials were no longer ethical. Updated June 30, 2021. The South China Morning Post also reported in September that the U.A.E. . British American Tobacco announced on Jan. 10, 2022, that it would peel off its vaccine subsidiary, formerly called Kentucky BioProcessing, into a new company called KBio. Storage: Stable in refrigerator Reuters reported later that month that Cuba would begin importing Sinopharm vaccines to make up for their lagging vaccination campaign, combining it with a Soberana Plus booster. They have partnered with PharmaJet to administer the vaccine, called DIOS-CoVax, through the skin without using needles. And unlike RNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech, which have to be frozen, GEMCOVAC-19 only needs to be refrigerated.Seattle-based HDT Bio developed the original technology behind GEMCOVAC-19. Efficacy: Unknown Scientists at Jiangsu Rec-Biotechnology have developed a vaccine, called ReCOV, that is made of viral proteins that are grown in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The creators of the vaccine published the results of their Phase 3 trial on Feb. 2, 2021 in the Lancet.When other countries began using Sputnik V, they ran studies of their own to measure the effectiveness of the vaccine. John Lewis told Canadian media on Aug. 4 that the vaccine produced a sufficient immune response without adverse reactions. VARIANTSAs variants emerged in 2021, Vaxzevria proved more vulnerable than vaccines from Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech. Their first vaccine, called SCOV1, targets the original virus and its early variants. Researchers at the Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, Beijing Zhong Sheng Heng Yi Pharmaceutical Technology and Zhengzhou University are testing a vaccine that is grown in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 3 times what equals 10-----Equation:: 3*x = 10 x = 10/3 x = 3 1/3-----Cheers, Stan H. . To gain a more accurate measurement for the distance you have covered, your height, gender and . In January 2020, the company and Beth Israel researchers collaborated on creating a coronavirus vaccine. On June 9, 2021, Chinese government newspaper Science and Technology Daily reported that the vaccine received emergency use authorization. On Oct. 20, the company registered a Phase 1 trial to gauge how well their candidate works when injected into a patients arm and delivered as a nasal spray. It followed the development of Covid vaccines from early 2020 through August 2022. The vaccine, called ABNCoV2, uses technology from consortium members AdaptVac and ExpreS2ion, among others. More studies on monkeys released in February 2022 showed that the vaccine produced antibodies against a range of variants.The companys stock price increased 3,600 percent in the first half of 2020. Its the same answer just different forms. A spin-off company called CyanVac took the intranasal vaccine, called CVXGA1, to Phase 1 trials the same month, and enrolled the first participant in late September. The phase 1/2 trial showed that the vaccine didnt cause any serious side effects while producing antibodies to the coronavirus. GSK supplemented these proteins with adjuvants that stimulate the immune system. Called V-01, the vaccine completed Phase 1 and 2 trials earlier in 2021. On Nov. 5, Turkeys Erciyes University announced they had begun injecting volunteers with an inactivated coronavirus vaccine initially called ERUCOV-VAC. The company told the Indian Express that it had submitted data to the Indian government showing that GEMCOVACs immune response was as good or better than Covishield, the Indian version of the AstraZeneca vaccine.Meanwhile, HDT Bio has partnered with Quratis to launch a trial in South Korea, with SENAI CIMATEC in Brazil and with another company in China. In addition, some countries such as China and Russia began administering vaccines before detailed Phase 3 trial data was made public. Updated May 18, 2021. Emergency use in: Bahrain, European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, United Kingdom, World Health Organization. The DNA enters cells, which use the genetic instructions to make spike protein fragments. The vaccine, called CORVax12, consisted of a loop of DNA that encodes both the spike protein and IL-12. Gritstone bio has developed experimental vaccines in recent years that teach the immune system to attack tumors. With a single shot, the vaccine had an efficacy of 66 percent, although it varied from country to country, likely due to variants and other factors. Both authorizations came before Phase 3 data was made public. Cuban news outlets reported on March 30 that the developers could apply for authorization for Mambisas use as a booster in the coming weeks. But on March 2, 2022, the W.H.O. The company said in an Aug. 23 statement that it had completed its application to the F.D.A. In October 2020, it announced a partnership with FUJIFILM to help manufacture their candidate, called VLPCOV-01. Approved for use in: Cambodia, Dose: 2 doses, 3 weeks apart In an earnings report on Oct. 28, Sanofi said it expected results from its new Phase 3 trial by the end of 2021, but on Dec. 15, the company announced the trial would continue into early 2022 because too few participants have gotten sick with Covid-19.Finally, in February 2022, Sanofi had results to share. Researchers at Washington University designed a nasal spray vaccine that can produce high levels of coronavirus antibodies in mice with just a single dose. Emergency use in: Turkey. The Tehran Times reported on Oct. 12 that a nasal dose of the vaccine reduces the transmission of the virus by as much as 90 percent. No one who got the vaccine was hospitalized or died from Covid-19, but it was not possible to estimate its efficacy against severe disease because there were relatively few cases among volunteers who received the placebo. In December 2020, they launched a Phase 1/2 trial with 345 participants. Updated June 29, 2022, PHASE 2 They launched Phase 2 trials in July 2020, followed by a Phase 3 trial with 29,000 volunteers in December. Emergency use in: Paraguay, Taiwan. But the following month the company said it might have to shut down its Aspenovax factory because it had yet to receive any orders for Aspenovax from African nationals. Vaccinename: ZyCoV-D What Times What Equals 100 Check Answer Calculator Results 1 X 100 = 100 2 X 50 = 100 4 X 25 = 100 5 X 20 = 100 10 X 10 = 100 20 X 5 = 100 25 X 4 = 100 50 X 2 = 100 100 X 1 = 100 Other Lengths Conditional authorization in the European Union. Oravax Medical has also applied to Israel to run another trial there. Later, those levels rose twelvefold.In a second study, Johnson & Johnson ran a Phase 3 trial in which 32,000 volunteers received either a placebo or two doses of the vaccine, separated by eight weeks. Results from the trial, released on Dec. 7, proved more encouraging, showing that the vaccine produced levels of antibodies on par with those in people who recovered from Covid-19. Results from a Chinese study, released on Sept. 7, suggested that getting a CanSino booster shot after the Sinovac vaccine produced a stronger antibody response compared to a third shot of the Sinovac vaccine. The Indian drug maker Bharat Biotech licensed the technology, and in February 2021 they won approval to launch a Phase 1 trial of a vaccine, which they named BBV154. Vaccinename: V-01 The default dependents to employed ratio is 3 (75% dependents, 25% working adults). In January 2021, the vaccine moved on to a Phase 2 trial. Meanwhile, it continued a Phase 3 trial on a protein-based vaccine that may serve as a booster against Covid-19. Researchers at the University of Hong Kong developed a DNA vaccine against the coronavirus. Because the coronaviruses that cause SARS and Covid-19 are very similar, the researchers revived the project in 2020, working in partnership with the Texas Childrens Hospital.After the Texas researchers demonstrated the promise of the vaccine in preclinical studies, the Indian company Biological E licensed it in August 2020, launching a Phase 1/2 trial in November, combining the viral proteins with an adjuvant made by Dynavax. reviewed the results of two studies that suggest a second dose of the vaccine might provide an effective boost to immunity.In one study, the company gave 17 trial volunteers a booster shot six months after their initial vaccination. On Jan. 3, India issued an emergency authorization to a version called Covishield, made by the Serum Institute of India. Efficacy: 82% The Abdala vaccine consists of a piece of the coronavirus spike protein called the receptor binding domain, and is delivered in three doses. Nov 13 07:43 UTC (GMT) Nov 13 07:43 UTC (GMT) The list of all the calculations: percentages of which numbers are equal to the other given . The U.S. government agreed to pay $3.2 billion for 105 million doses.While Comirnaty has proven highly effective, it was initially a challenging vaccine to distribute because it had to be kept frozen at 94F (70C). In December 2020, the Korea Biomedical Review reported that Genexine got disappointing results from their initial formulation and decided to restart their trials with a modified vaccine.On Jan. 20, 2021, the company registered a Phase 1/2 trial, and in June they registered a Phase 1 trial specifically for elderly volunteers. Instead, the dose is loaded into a handheld device and shot directly into cell tissue through a jet spray of fluid. Updated Feb. 8, 2022, PHASE 1 The vaccine is currently in a Phase 2 trial. In April 2021, the European Union negotiated an option to purchase 1.8 billion doses, which they exercised in December in response to the Omicron variant.In June 2022, Pfizer reached an agreement with the United States for a new delivery of vaccines in preparation for an anticipated winter surge. Updated July 29, 2022, PHASE 3 In July, Indonesian regulators gave the green light for a late-stage clinical trial. There, the injected genes produce a natural signaling molecule called IL-12, which attracts the attention of immune cells that attack the cancer. The World Health Organization granted Convidecia emergency use listing in May 2022.CanSino researchers published promising results from a Phase 1 safety trial on Convidecia in May 2020, and in July they reported that their Phase 2 trials demonstrated the vaccine produced a strong immune response. On Oct. 25, the Israeli government announced that the vaccine, called Brilife, would be going into a Phase 1 trial. Vaxine took the unprecedented move of starting a crowdfunding campaign in October 2021 to raise funds for their efforts. Meissa Vaccines has developed a vaccine that can be delivered as a spray or drops into the nose. The researchers engineered NDV to carry the gene for a modified version of the coronavirus spike protein called HexaPro, developed at the University of Texas. They moved to Phase 3 on Aug. 5. On April 25, the Biden administration announced it would partially lift its ban. Making matters murkier, they gave different amounts of the vaccine to different people and also waited anywhere from four to twelve weeks to deliver the second dose.On Dec. 8, 2020, AstraZeneca and Oxford published the first scientific paper on a Phase 3 clinical trial of a coronavirus vaccine. On July 29, Moderna announced a deal with the United States government to provide 66 million booster shots, containing RNA for the original spike protein, as well as one shared by BA.4 and BA.5.Modernas Omicron booster won conditional approval from the United Kingdom on Aug. 15, 2022. 3 +-0. In February 2021 the company ran a Phase 2 trial, followed by a Phase 3 trial launched in May. On May 5, 2022, the agency announced that the vaccine would be limited to adults who cannot or refuse to get the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines, citing safety concerns. Iranian researchers at the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences developed a protein-based vaccine against the coronavirus. But concerns have arisen about its effectiveness and how long its protection lasts. AstraZeneca met the revised deadline on July 26. Preliminary results from the trial suggest that the vaccine was effective at generating immunity. But in 2022, as supplies of other vaccines grew, the demand for Vaxzevria fell, leading some manufacturers to halt production. On Aug. 9, the researchers said that the trial showed ABNCoV2 produced high levels of antibodies without dangerous side effects.Later that month, Bavarian Nordic launched Phase 2 trials of the vaccine, both as an initial protection against Covid-19 and as a booster for other vaccines. Vaccinename: Prime-2-CoV In November 2020, the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Cuba launched a trial on a coronavirus vaccine called Abdala. The European Commission secured 460 million doses. He proposed a number system using powers of a myriad of myriads (100 million, . Updated July 18, 2022, PHASE 1 The Finlay Vaccine Institute announced on June 10 that it had received approval to begin a trial of the combined vaccines in children. After testing the vaccine on monkeys, Cellid entered into a partnership with the South Korean chemical manufacturer LG Chem to manufacture the vaccine.In December 2020, Cellid registered a Phase 1 trial for AdCLD-CoV19, and a Phase 2 trial launched in June 2021. Type: Muscle injection On Sept. 18 Sanofi closed another deal with the European Union for 300 million doses for an unspecified amount, and later reached an agreement with Canada for up to 72 million doses. It finally launched on Dec. 28, 2020.On March 11, 2021, Novavax reported that its United Kingdom trial determined an efficacy rate of 96 percent against the original coronavirus, and an efficacy of 86 percent against the Alpha variant. Mayo Clinic announced a deal to develop and market the vaccine technology worldwide on July 6. By then, however, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines were widely available, and so Sanofi decided to pull the plug on its own mRNA Covid-19 vaccine program. In May 2021, Vaxine claimed to have gotten promising preliminary results from that trial, but the company failed to get funds for further clinical trials in Australia. After reviewing clinical trial results, the World Health Organization gave emergency authorization to the vaccine on June 1, 2021.On May 4, the European Medicines Agency said it was launching a rolling review of CoronaVac, which will accelerate Sinovacs marketing authorization if the company decides to apply for one. But as approved vaccines became easier to get in Canada, some volunteers began dropping out of the trial, Saskatoons CTV News reported. Emergency use validation from the World Health Organization. Oravax Medical began work on the vaccine in March 2021, finding promising antibody responses from animals. Updated Dec. 22, 2021, PHASE 1 PHASE 2 COMBINED PHASES Product. On April 26, the European Commission filed a lawsuit against the company for breach of contract. Emergency use in: Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bonaire, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei, Cabo Verde, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cte dIvoire, Curaao, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, European Union, Faroe Islands, French Polynesia, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Greenland, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Martinique, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Mongolia, Nepal, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, North Macedonia, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Serbia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, South Africa, South Korea, St. Maarten, Sudan, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turks and Caicos, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vatican, Vietnam, West Bank, Zambia. They estimated that its efficacy was 65.2 percent. The researchers began dosing participants for their Phase 2 trial on May 28. In a study on nearly 30,000 volunteers in the United States in Mexico, the vaccines efficacy was 90.4 percent. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness announced on Dec. 2 that it pledged up to $2.3 million to help fund a mix-and-match study in which volunteers will get Medigens vaccine after a primary vaccination with other Covid-19 shots. These trials can determine if the vaccine protects against the coronavirus, measuring whats known as the efficacy rate. DISTRIBUTION Novavax reached an agreement in September 2020 with the Serum Institute of India, a major vaccine manufacturer. While authorized mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna encode the entire spike protein, AWcorna only encodes the tip of the protein, called the receptor binding domain.A Phase 1 trial carried out in the summer of 2020 demonstrated that the vaccine was safe and produced modest amounts of antibodies, as the researchers described in a paper they published in January 2022.The Phase 2 trial of AWcorna commenced in January 2021, followed by a Phase 3 trial in July. Cuban regulators gave emergency authorization for the use of Soberana Plus in Covid-19 survivors on Sept. 23. Some of the proteins, from hepatitis B viruses, form hollow shells. As of February 2022, there was no evidence of QazCoVac-P in use in Kazakhstan. The researchers registered a Phase 1 trial on Nov. 22, 2021, in which they plan to test the vaccines effectiveness at different doses. Entos instead chose the gene for a protein called nucleocapsid that sits inside the viruss membrane. They found in experiments on monkeys that the vaccine significantly lowered the amount of coronavirus that grew in the animals after an infection, and they recovered more quickly than unvaccinated monkeys. In May it further expanded its booster authorization to children as young as five.On March 29, the F.D.A. On June 11, the New York Times reported that the F.D.A. By combining them, the Russian researchers hoped to prevent the immune system from recognizing one of the adenoviruses from the first dose and destroy it in the second dose. In addition to the spike protein, it also carries the gene for a protein called nucleocapsid. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations invested $384 million to support the research. The Turkish trial found that the efficacy against Covid-19 with at least one symptom was 83.5 percent.After CoronaVac was taken up in other countries, some of them conducted studies to measure its effectiveness. Brazilian researchers registered a Phase 2/3 trial on Sept. 28 to evaluate the effectiveness of a half dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine compared to the normal dosing scheme. The director told Tass in October that a trial for adults aged 60 and older could begin soon. This means that 1 pint equals 1/8 gallon. The virus, called AAV-5, carries a gene encoding part of the spike protein from the coronavirus. Updated July 1, 2022, PHASE 1 PHASE 2 COMBINED PHASES In April 2021, the F.D.A. Updated Aug. 6, 2022, PHASE 3 On July 20, 2021, the European Medicines Agency started a rolling review of Vidprevtyn in advance of their application for authorization. Since then a number of countries in the Near East have authorized it; on Jan. 29, Hungary authorized BBIBp-CorV, making the country the first European nation to use a Chinese vaccine.The vaccine received approval for emergency use in children and adolescents in China on July 20. These speed bumps slowed the company down, while other vaccines were getting authorized and meeting the demand in the United States. As of February 2022, Bharat Biotech had distributed 200 million doses. On Nov. 25, AnGes released a statement rebutting reports that it had abandoned progress on the vaccine. Its not clear how available VLA2001 will be in the country. The company added pieces of coronavirus proteins to the shells, selected for their potential both to produce antibodies and to train T cells to attack infected cells. Updated April 3, 2022, PHASE 1 In their Phase 1 trial, they gave the spray to 80 volunteers and found that they produced substantially lower . Vaccinename: CoVLP (brand name Covifenz) Updated Aug. 26, 2022, PHASE 2 The Italian biotechnology company ReiThera has developed a Covid-19 vaccine, called GRAd-COV2, that is based on an adenovirus that infects gorillas. The vaccine offered stronger protection against developing a serious case of Covid-19; it had an efficacy of 100 percent versus severe Covid-19 and hospitalizations.Sanofi has also developed a version of Vidprevtyn that is based on the Beta variant of the coronavirus. told the South China Morning Post that the vaccine only requires one week between doses. Updated Dec. 28, 2021, PHASE 1 Updated Feb. 9, 2022, PHASE 3 Approved for use in: Canada, South Korea. On June 27, 2021, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announced that the vaccine, called Noora, had entered Phase 1 trials. Researchers later pointed to the vaccine dosage along with the rise of new variants as potential reasons for the low efficacy. said in February 2022 that it had cleared them for shipment.In South Africa, a small trial failed to demonstrate that it protected people against the Beta variant, which had become predominant in the country. But it has suffered a number of setbacks.Even while it was running clinical trials in 2020, AstraZeneca reached agreements with a number of manufacturers in order to produce billions of doses of Vaxzevria. Results from preclinical trials showed that the vaccine was safe and effective in animals. Sinai launched a Phase 1 trial to study NDV-HXP-S as a booster for people vaccinated with other vaccines. Although Johnson & Johnson initially set out to recruit 60,000 volunteers, it capped the trial at 45,000 in December as cases rose.On Jan. 29, 2021, Johnson & Johnson announced that the trial had proven that the vaccine was safe and effective, and the F.D.A. In the clinical trial, RNACure will test two doses of the vaccine on volunteers who have not been vaccinated before and will also give it to vaccinated volunteers as a booster. But it remained unclear if ReiThera would be able to advance to a final Phase 3 trial.In May, Reuters reported, a court in Italy struck down the governments plan to fund the Phase 3 trial. On Dec. 29, Oravax agreed to supply Vietnamese company Tan Thanh Holdings with at least 10 million doses of its vaccine for marketing and distribution across Southeast Asia. Instead, it moved forward with a trial with the Dynavax adjuvant. On July 28, Icosovax reported that the protein fragment turned out to be unstable. Vaccinename: Turkovac New SEPA payment cut-off time. Scientists at the University of Georgia and the University of Iowa have developed a vaccine based on canine parainfluenza virus, which has never been found to cause disease in humans. Updated Aug. 26, 2022, ABANDONED On July 27, the companies announced the launch of a Phase 2/3 trial with 30,000 volunteers. Updated Aug. 12, 2022, ABANDONED The researchers registered a Phase 1 trial on Nov. 18, 2021. It is located at 246-248 Strayer St Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Updated Feb. 16, 2022, PHASE 1 PHASE 2 COMBINED PHASES Efficacy: 91.6% against Alpha Variant, 75% against Omicron. The Serum Institute announced that it would halt production on April 22, 2022.On April 11, 2022, Japan announced that it would not purchase 40 million of the 120 million doses it agreed to buy last year, citing lower demand.Concerns over Vaxzevrias short shelf life have also pushed some countries to decline millions of doses of the vaccine. It was also the first to be shown to be safe and effective with just one dose rather than two. The university launched a Phase 1 trial in July, combining coronavirus spike proteins with an adjuvant made by CSL. Other countries followed suit. Vaccinename: Covax-19, Spikogen Type: Injection On April 14, 2022, Sinovac announced that health officials in Hong Kong have authorized the use of an Omicron-specific version of CoronaVac. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News reported that people who received the vaccines made five to eight times more antibodies than people who recovered from Covid-19. When the mRNA enters cells, the vaccine causes them to make spike proteins, which then get released into the body and provoke a response from the immune system. Trials may also be abandoned if they indicate a vaccine isnt effective against Covid-19. In September 2020, the Chula Vaccine Research Center registered a Phase 1 trial to test it in humans. On Dec. 13, Cuban authorities predicted that the island nation will be the first in Latin America to completely vaccinate its population, which it expects will happen by June 2022.Cuban scientists also tested a combination of Soberana 2 and a boost of another Cuba-made vaccine called Soberana Plus. VARIANTSInitially, Modernas vaccine proved highly effective against variants such as Beta and Delta that emerged in 2021. Eyegenes C.E.O., Wonil Yoo, told a Korean television station that the trial began in September. Updated June 13, 2022, PHASE 3 Three decades ago, the German Center for Infection Research developed a smallpox vaccine from a harmless virus called Modified Vaccinia Ankara, or MVA for short. On March 2, 2021, Merck announced it would assist Johnson & Johnson with manufacturing the vaccine, but its not clear how much that partnership helped in the production. On Feb. 3, 2021, Vaxart announced that the trial revealed no serious safety concerns. Efficacy: 66.6% APPROVED IN RUSSIA The company developed it in collaboration with the National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Kyushu University. Additional negotiations have increased the agreement to 500 million doses. In June, Nanogen launched a Phase 3 trial. AUTHORIZATION Despite the strong performance of NVX-CoV2373 in clinical trials, Novavaxs path to authorization has been long and difficult. Developing an alternative formulation that can be refrigerated. Also to change a fraction of the form 3/4 to the decimal 0.75, or a fraction of the form 7/4 or a mixed number of the form 1 3/4 to the decimal 1.75. South Africa dropped plans to use AstraZenecas vaccine for their health care workers after a small trial failed to show it was effective against the Beta variant that had grown dominant across the country. They will be measuring the vaccines efficacy only against severe disease, rather than against any symptomatic cases of Covid.On May 10, 2022, Inovio said that it would discontinue its Phase 3 trial and focus attention on testing the vaccine as a booster. In October, authorities in the eastern Chinese city of Jiaxing announced they were giving CoronaVac to people in relatively high-risk jobs, including medical workers, port inspectors and public service personnel.Indonesia gave the vaccine emergency authorization on Jan. 11, and two days later the president of Indonesia received an injection of CoronaVac on live television. Vaccinename: Vidprevtyn Most of the U.S. supply was supposed to be made by Baltimore-based Emergent Solutions. The study's Reynolds number ranges from 10,000 to 35,000, and it was conducted for turbulent flow. Dose: 2 or 3 doses, 4 weeks apart On Sept. 12, Pfizer and BioNTech announced that they would seek to expand the trial to 44,000 participants.Through the summer and into the fall, the world closely followed the Pfizer-BioNTech trial. Endorsed by the Africa Regulatory Taskforce. Updated July 23, 2022, PHASE 3 Haleiwahi. In addition, it encodes instructions for building small pieces of other viral proteins called nucleocapsid and ORF3a. Some coax cells to make virus-like particles. The company halted the trial. In early 2020, they engineered the vaccine to produce part of the coronavirus spike protein as well. It said on Dec. 20 that Phase 2 trials of the booster are ongoing, and serious adverse effects have not been reported. Speransa researchers engineered the virus to make two Covid proteins, spike and nucleocapsid. Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products is a Chinese company that makes vaccines for diseases such as hepatitis B and measles. Updated June 13, 2022, PHASE 2 Clover continued to follow its trial volunteers and reported that five months after the second dose, the vaccines efficacy was little changed. It contains a part of the spike protein, called RBD, along with two extra ingredients: proteins from a bacteria and aluminum hydroxide. On Sept. 28, the company announced that the clinical trial had yielded encouraging early results. In addition to their Abdala vaccine, the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Cuba announced on Nov. 26, 2020 that it was beginning a Phase 1 trial of a second vaccine, this one delivered as a nasal spray. Results from a French trial among more than one million older adults, published on March 2, 2022, suggests that individuals who receive the Johnson & Johnson vaccine are five times more likely to be hospitalized from Covid-19 than those who receive Comirnaty. Dose: 2 doses, 3 weeks apart Type: Muscle injection In November 2021, the F.D.A. The company has been dogged by delays in manufacturing and has struggled to develop reliable tests of its vaccines quality. TRIAL RESULTSThe researchers launched clinical trials in June 2020. Canada-based Medicago, partly funded by the cigarette maker Philip Morris, developed a Covid-19 vaccine that can be grown in a plant called Nicotiana benthamiana, a wild species related to tobacco. The Moderna vaccine, known as Spikevax or mRNA-1273, was the second to be authorized for adults 18 and older by the F.D.A., coming a week after Comirnaty, the vaccine made by Pfizer and BioNTech. Pfizer and BioNTech applied to the F.D.A. Researchers began dosing trial participants in Iran on April 26. BOOSTERSIn June, Oxford researchers reported that a third booster of the AstraZeneca vaccine generated strong immune responses in volunteers. Updated April 23, 2022, PHASE 2 Updated April 3, 2022, PHASE 1 The Phase 1/2 trial, conducted in the spring of 2020, showed that the vaccine produced antibodies in volunteers, some of whom experienced fevers and other side effects. They will test the vaccine as a booster on 24 participants. It contains a part of the coronavirus spike protein, fused to a standard tetanus vaccine to make it stable. In February 2021, VBI registered a placebo-controlled Phase 1/2 trial in Canada on 780 volunteers, comparing the effects from using one or two doses. In January 2022, the institute announced that the vaccine was safe and produced better antibody levels than the AstraZeneca vaccine. was concerned about the fact that Medicago is partly funded by a tobacco company. A study on monkeys released in July 2021 showed that the vaccine could produce antibodies in the noses of the animals and protect them from Covid-19. APPROVED IN CHINA APPROVED IN U.S., ELSEWHERE Updated Jan. 26, 2022, PHASE 3 On Feb. 3, 2022, Zydus Lifesciences announced it had delivered its first shipment of vaccines to the Indian government. The creators say that using DNA allows them to quickly configure the vaccine for future variants. Efficacy: Unknown But in April Bloomberg reported that disappointing preliminary results might delay the introduction of the vaccine in China till the end of 2022.On Nov. 24, 2021, researchers also registered a separate Phase 3 trial to assess the vaccine as a booster. Updated Nov. 10, 2021, PHASE 1 On July 26, Cuban media outlets reported that Soberana 1 had entered Phase 2 trials. Storage: Stable in refrigerator for at least 6 months On March 26, 2021, they registered a small Phase 1 trial sponsored by TUBITAK, the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. Emergency use in: Iran. Chumakov received approval to begin Phase 3 trials in children on Feb. 7, 2022.Despite being in widespread use since early 2021, there is still little scientific information about CoviVac. Biological E said that it planned to deliver 300 million doses to the Indian government in early 2022, and deliver a billion additional doses worldwide. = Calculate. Sinopharm started a Phase 1/2 trial of NVSI-06-07 on April 24. That trial moved to Phase 2 in November. authorized the use of the vaccine in adults, Moderna applied to expand the authorization to children as young as 12. COVID-eVax can remain stable at room temperature. After those studies yielded promising results, Phase 3 testing on 30,000 volunteers began on July 27.On Nov. 16, Moderna announced that the first preliminary data demonstrated that the vaccine provided strong protection against Covid-19. As a result, Inovio paused the trial to change its design. A Phase 1 trial, published in December 2020, did not uncover any serious adverse effects, and measured an immune response in all 38 volunteers.But Inovio soon experienced a number of setbacks. They began using Johnson & Johnsons instead. A Phase 3 trial involving up to 48,000 participants was launched on March 18. In January 2022, Reuters reported that the trial had progressed in China, Indonesia, and Mexico. Updated April 3, 2022, ABANDONED The final results were posted online on July 2 and appeared in the Lancet on Nov. 11. After promising animal studies, the company launched a Phase 1 trial in June 2020. gave full approval to BBIBP-CorV. But in May 2022 the Hindu Business Line reported that there had been negligible demand for ZyCoV-D, with no commercial opportunity for the rest of the year. GeoVax dosed the first participant in a Phase 2 booster trial in December 2021. Dose: 2 doses, 2 weeks apart EMERGENCY USE IN CUBA The company registered a Phase 2/3 trial in late 2021, and in January 2022 it announced that the trial had been approved to start in the Philippines. Emergency use in: Iran. for emergency use authorization of the vaccine on Aug. 22. Called Sputnik M, the candidate is a fractional dose of Sputnik V. They have recruited 3,000 adolescents for the ongoing clinical trials. Egypts National Research Centre has developed an inactivated coronavirus vaccine called Covi Vax. EMERGENCY USE IN U.S., OTHER COUNTRIES Emergency use in: Australia, Bangladesh, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States. But the following month, Tass reported that the vaccines manufacturers agreed to produce more than 50 million doses of the vaccine for foreign companies. Dose: Single dose The F.D.A. On Dec. 8 the FDA released their independent analysis of the clinical trials. They determined that Comirnaty has an efficacy rate of 95 percent. On June 29, VBI released preliminary results from the trial, showing that volunteers produced high levels of antibodies without any serious side effects. , Icosovax reported that the trial had yielded encouraging early results they had begun injecting with. Had completed its application to the coronavirus U.S. supply was supposed to be shown be! 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